Cat & Dog - Glutamine

What is glutamine?

Glutamine, or L-glutamine, is the most abundant amino acid in the body. Normally, it can be synthesised from another amino acid, glutamate, in adequate quantities. It performs several major functions particularly in animals that are diseased or stressed.

Glutamine supplementation is therefore important during conditions of extreme stress, such as injury, septicaemia, burns and inflammatory bowel disease. Cancer, trauma, excessive exercise and other stressful situations can also cause glutamine levels to drop. If glutamine is not replaced it can affect the ability to fight off infection.

Glutamine reaches levels in the brain about 15 times greater than those of the blood, and is used as both fuel and as a neurotransmitter (carries signals between nerves). Glutamine is also the preferred energy source of the cells lining the digestive tract, especially in disease states.

The high levels of glutamine in the blood and intestinal lining reflect its importance in cell division. For this reason, glutamine is also essential to support normal wound repair. Glutamine levels are generally reduced in cancerous states, and even lower following chemotherapy. Consequently, glutamine supplementation is employed in cancer treatment in humans. As a bonus, it seems to protect normal cells from the effects of chemotherapy but enhance the die-off of cancer cells.

Why recommend administration of glutamine to my pet?

Glutamine is found in fairly high levels in dairy, fish, eggs and meat products. However, supplementation with glutamine is more appropriate when the digestive system is compromised. Glutamine is often recommended for pets with chronic bowel disorders including inflammatory bowel disease and parvoviral enteritis, since it is the preferred fuel source of damaged intestinal epithelial (lining) cells. Strenuous exercise, infection, surgery, and trauma can also deplete the body’s glutamine reserves, particularly in muscle cells.

Glutamine may reduce the gastrointestinal toxicity of some chemotherapy drugs and may minimise inflammation of the intestinal tract caused by radiation therapy. It may be a useful adjunct treatment for pets with suspected leaky gut syndrome, where increased intestinal permeability can lead to the development of food allergies or intolerances.

How much experience is there with the use of glutamine in pets?

Glutamine has been used relatively extensively in humans, dogs, and cats. Most studies suggest glutamine supplementation is beneficial to some patients while others have demonstrated no benefit. Clinical trials in animals are lacking.

How safe is glutamine?

Glutamine, as one of the body's main amino acids, is thought to be a safe supplement when taken at recommended dosages. Ideally give with a meal. High dosages of glutamine may pose a risk to pets with epilepsy. If your pet is taking anti-convulsant medications, glutamine should only be used under veterinary supervision.

Where do I obtain glutamine and do I need a prescription?

You do not need a prescription to buy glutamine. Please speak to one of the vets if you would like to discuss its use in your animal. We would be happy to offer advice.