Dog - Heatstroke - Hyperthermia

The most common cause of heatstroke or hyperthermia is the confinement of a dog in a car with inadequate ventilation. In such circumstances the condition can occur with frightening rapidity. Since dogs do not have the means of controlling their body temperature by sweating in the same way as ourselves this is by no means the only cause of this condition with our dogs.

Their only means of regulating body heat is by panting and, to a limited extent, by sweating through glands situated mainly in their feet.

Cars in summertime can be mobile glass houses for dogs. In warm, sultry conditions a car can reach unacceptably high temperatures in a very short time if inadequately ventilated. The vehicle need not necessarily be in direct sunlight for the temperature in the vehicle to reach 40ºC or above if the ventilation is inadequate.

What happens?

The dog often does not show warning signs of discomfort. As the body temperature rises the animal usually becomes apprehensive, pants excessively and in a short time can become unconscious and die.

What else can cause my dog to become hyperthermic?

Other causes include:

• Conformation – the dog's shape – can be responsible in some cases. Brachycephalic (flat faced) breeds such as Pugs, Boxers and Bulldogs are probably at greater risk due to their conformation. These dogs often have a restricted airway and can show signs of hyperthermia when ambient temperature and humidity are only moderately elevated.
• A dog wearing a muzzle for any reason can be at risk. This is due to inability to control body temperature adequately by panting.
• Stressed, over excited or over exercised dogs can be at risk even if the environmental temperature and humidity is not excessive, particularly if they are in a poorly ventilated environment.
• Any infection causing a raised temperature (pyrexia) can lead to heatstroke as can fits or convulsions due to the increase in muscular activity.

Treatment

HEATSTROKE IS AN EMERGENCY.

Rapid reduction of body temperature is a priority.

Use cold water on the head, underparts and feet. Wrap the dog in cold, wet towels. Apply ice to the mouth and anus. These are effective first aid methods of rapid temperature reduction.

If in a car ensure all the windows are open for maximum ventilation. If possible keep the car moving to ensure a steady air flow.

If possible take the dog's temperature and discontinue treatment once the animal shows signs of recovery or the temperature falls to 39°C (103°F).

Effective first aid often results in the dog returning to normal as quickly as the condition occurred. However it is always wise to seek veterinary attention as soon as possible.

If further transportation by car is unavoidable, ensure that air conditioning if available is used at a low temperature and high fan setting otherwise ensure that ventilation is provided with all windows opened if safe to do so. This is particularly important until the dog has been examined by a veterinary surgeon.