Pigeon (and Dove) - Feeding

General Information

Our knowledge of bird nutrition is constantly evolving. This is due to heightened awareness of the importance of nutrition plus increased research. As with all other animals, birds need a proper balance of carbohydrates, proteins, fat, vitamins, minerals and water. Different species of birds often require different foods.

Should I be concerned about what my pigeon eats?

Nutrition is commonly neglected with pet birds. Too often owners assume they are feeding a proper diet to their pigeon when in fact they are not. This is a common reason for many health problems. It is important to continually strive to improve your bird's diet. This involves constantly educating yourself and a certain degree of common sense. It is not sufficient to feed a pigeon just to maintain life; instead, your goal should be to help it thrive and flourish. Your bird's health depends on how well it is fed.

Discuss nutrition with your veterinarian!

What does my pigeon naturally eat?

Pigeons eat a variety of grains, seeds, greens, berries, fruits, and will occasionally eat insects, snails and earthworms in the wild. A well balanced diet must be maintained at all times.

What should I feed my pigeon?

Seeds

Formulated pigeon seed diets are available. A commercial diet contains mixed seeds and grains, vegetables and some are enriched with brewer's yeast plus vitamins and minerals. Different diet formulations exist for performance birds, resting birds and breeding birds. Pigeons are susceptible to calcium deficiency from eating only seeds.

Consult your veterinary surgeon if encountering any problems with diet or the health of the bird.

Water

Fresh clean water must be available at all times. Depending on the quality of your tap water, consider the use of bottled water. Dishes must be cleaned thoroughly every day with soap and water.

Will my bird have any different needs throughout its life?

Birds that are extremely young, stressed, injured, laying eggs or raising young may have certain special requirements. Egg foods are available for breeding birds. Commercial crop milks may also be available for hand-rearing young. Consult your veterinary surgeon regarding these situations.

Does my bird need gravel or grit?

Controversy exists over the need for gravel. It was believed that grit was necessary for the mechanical breakdown of food in the gizzard as an aid to digestion. Birds seem to do fine without grit. Most pigeons are offered a small amount of grit, crushed eggshell or oyster shell. Some birds will in fact have problems if grit is over eaten.