Dog - Snake Bites

Do they occur in Britain?

The only naturally occurring poisonous snake in Britain is the common adder or viper (Vipera berus). The snake is most commonly found during hot sunny weather on dry heaths and moors. Following recent hot summers snakes are said to be increasing particularly in southern England.

How common are adder bites?

Snakes usually only attack in self defence. This is often as a result of being stepped upon or disturbed by an inquisitive dog. Bites are therefore relatively rare. Veterinary surgeons in areas where adders are found usually see a number of suspected cases each year. It is very rare to witness the bite.

How can I tell if my dog has been bitten?

Limbs and face are the most common sites. The poisonous venom causes rapid, severe, dark coloured swelling, in the centre of which two small puncture wounds (fang marks) may be seen. The dog shows signs of acute pain and also appears nervous and apprehensive.

Toxins injected with the venom affect the nervous system which results in muscle tremors, incoordination, collapse and occasionally death. Severity and rapidity of onset of signs depend on the site of the bite and the amount of venom injected.

Is it an emergency?

Yes. If you suspect an adder bite contact a veterinary surgeon immediately giving accurate details of history and signs you have noted.

Is there any first aid treatment?

• First aid is aimed at reducing rapid spread of venom in the body.
• If possible carry rather than allow the dog to walk.
• Bathing the wound with cold water controls swelling.
• If a limb is affected apply a tourniquet using a tie, stocking etc. Loosen for approximately half a minute every five to ten minutes.
• Keep your pet quiet and warm on the journey to the vet.

What is the treatment?

Pain control is a priority.

Swelling and shock are treated with corticosteroid anti-inflammatories and appropriate fluids often by intravenous injection (a drip).

Anti-venom injections may be administered depending on the time lapse following the bite.

What is the prognosis?

The majority of healthy dogs survive providing there is rapid treatment.

The site of the bite is important. Swelling from bites around the muzzle and face can lead to breathing difficulties due to obstruction of the airway.