Dog - Tracheal Collapse

What is collapsed trachea?

The trachea (windpipe) is a flexible tube leading from the mouth to the lungs. It is supported by a collection of cartilage rings which keep the tubes open, allowing air to enter the lungs on inspiration (breathing in). If there is any abnormality and the rings collapse the trachea is obstructed making breathing difficult.

What are the signs?

Paroxysmal (sudden, severe) coughing especially on exercise is the main sign of this disease.

Does the condition start suddenly?

Owners usually note sudden onset of coughing particularly when exercised. Often on investigation it is found that the windpipe abnormality may have been present for some time.

There are two main forms:

• Congenital tracheal collapse. This involves a deformity of the tracheal rings present from birth. Signs are usually seen in puppies less than six months of age.
• Acquired tracheal collapse. This is due to basic weakness in the cartilaginous rings so they tend to collapse as the dog gets older. It is usually seen in dogs over seven years of age.

Are some breeds more prone than others?

Yes. Collapsed trachea is a condition seen mainly in the toy breeds. For example Yorkshire Terriers, Chihuahuas, Toy Poodles, Pomeranians and Lhasa Apsos are among the toy breeds that can be affected.

Is the cough the only sign?

No, but the cough is characteristic. It is often described as a "honking cough." There is also often marked exercise intolerance but owners often think this is due to increasing age and/or obesity.

How is the condition diagnosed?

1. The history.
2. Veterinary examination. When the windpipe is touched the dog usually starts coughing characteristically.
3. Diagnostic imaging including radiographs (x-rays) and other techniques such as tracheostomy and fluoroscopy.

What is involved with treatment?

• It is most important that any obesity is corrected. We will advise regarding diet etc.
• Medical treatment is usually tried initially. This usually involves the use of antibiotics, cough suppressants and special drugs to dilate the airway. In the majority of cases these measures are successful.
• If not, severe cases may be referred to a specialist since surgical techniques are available.

How successful is treatment?

• Medical treatment is palliative (relieves symptoms) rather than curative but is often very successful particularly if started before the condition is too severe.
• Once stabilised dogs will frequently cope very well for years on minimal medication.
• Chest infections have to be treated without delay, therefore if there is any increase in coughing it is important that you contact us at the first signs.